منابع مشابه
meaning and basis of parliamentary representation
parliament established jurisprudence of the islamic republic with due regard to the fundamental difference with conventional systems, is important. in conventional systems, the relationship between parliament and the people, legally determines representative role, responsibilities and his duties. but in the islamic republic of iran to the foundation fqhyash to find out the legal status and lega...
متن کاملParties in Government: Incumbency and Representation in Parliamentary Democracies
[150 words] In spite of electoral change since the 1990s, party composition of government changes less and established parties stay in office longer than others regardless their electoral fortunes. This development is conducive to incongruence between the changing pattern of parties represented in parliament and those getting into government. It is argued that office seeking behaviour has becom...
متن کاملParties in Government: Incumbency and Representation in Parliamentary Democracies
[150 words] In spite of electoral change since the 1990s, party composition of government changes less and established parties stay in office longer than others regardless their electoral fortunes. This development is conducive to incongruence between the changing pattern of parties represented in parliament and those getting into government. It is argued that office seeking behaviour has becom...
متن کاملDistrict Magnitude and Representation xxxxof the Majority’s Preferences: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Popular and Parliamentary Votes
Members of parliament have more effective incentives to cater for the majority’s preferences when they are elected in districts with few seats in parliament rather than in districts with many seats. We empirically investigate this hypothesis by matching voting behavior on legislative proposals of Swiss members of parliament with real referenda outcomes on the same issues for the years 1996 to 2...
متن کاملDistrict magnitude and representation of the majority’s preferences: Evidence from popular and parliamentary votes
Representatives have more effective incentives to cater to the preferences of the majority of citizens when they are elected in districts with few rather than many seats. We investigate this hypothesis empirically by matching Swiss members of parliament’s voting behavior on legislative proposals with real referendum outcomes on the same issues for the years 1996 to 2008. We thus identify the im...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1918
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/102144b0